Dictionary

=Dictionary= **A** **Adaptive Seating-** Seating that can be modified to the individual to provide upper body support, lower body support, mobility, or for added work space.

OR A term used to describe all of the tools, products, and devices, from the simplest to the most complex, that can make a particular function easier or possible to perform
 * Activity-** An activity is comprised of different tasks that are performed together. Different important tasks that make up an activity are organizational, physical/sensory, cognitive/academic, and social.(notes from class)
 * Alternative Assessment:** any type of assessment in which students create a response to a question or task. (In traditional assessments, students choose a response from a given list, such as multiple-choice, true/false, or matching.) Alternative assessments can include short-answer questions, essays, performance assessments, oral presentations, demonstrations, and portfolios.
 * Assistive technology device** - Any item, piece of equipment, or system, whether acquired commercially, modified, or customized, that is commonly used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities. (Operating Standards for Ohio’s Schools Serving Children With Disabilities, Ohio Department of Education)

- the main goal of an AT device is perform a specific task, improve functional capabilities, and become more independent (VATS)

-the transfer of a case from a lower to a higher court for a new hearing (Free on-line dictionary)
 * Appeal**- a legal proceeding by which a case is brought before a higher court for review of the decision of a lower court (Websters)


 * Accommodation**- providing someone or something to help a student be more successful with a task. An example of a person as an accommodation is a note-taker in a class. An example of a thing as an accommodation is allowing a student more time to take a test.


 * Athetoid Cerebral Palsy-** caused by damage to the cerebellum or basal ganglia. Damage to these areas may cause a child to develop involuntary, purposeless movements, especially in the face, arms, and trunk.These involuntary movements often interfere with speaking, feeding, reaching, grasping, and other skills requiring coordinated movements. (http://www.about-cerebral-palsy.org/definition/athetoid-cerebral-palsy.html).


 * Audiogram-**a graphic representation of the relation of vibration frequency and the minimum sound intensity for hearing


 * Autism Spectrum Disorder-** sometimes called Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD), are a wide range of neurological disorders that primarily affect difficulties with communication, interpersonal relationships, obsessions, and repetitive behaviors. It is a wide spectrum with varying effect of functioning (www.specialchildren.about.com)


 * Accommodation-**physical or environmental changes; does not fundamentally alter or lower the standard or expectation of the course/test

**AAC-** Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies assist people with severe communication disabilities to participate more fully in their social roles including interpersonal interaction, learning, education, community activities, employment, volunteerism, care management, and so on. borrowed from: @http://aac.unl.edu/


 * Alphanumeric-** Vocabulary organized Alphabet grid**.**


 * American Printing House for the Blind-** produces products in large print or braille.


 * Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)-** often referred to as "Lou Gehrig's Disease," is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. (http://www.alsa.org/als/what.cfm)


 * AMPs-** Accessible Media Producers

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 * Abilitations-** company that sells sensory equipment.

**B**
 * Battery Adapter-** anything that uses a battery can be given a switch that attaches a copper disk to the battery to enable the device to be turned on and off through the switch.


 * Braille-** not a language, but a code. 2 grades- contracted (number characters that represent an entire word) and uncontracted (single letters that make up a single word).


 * Braille Embossers-** computer driven devices that produce braille on paper.

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**C**


 * Cane-** oldest equipment used people with vision impairments (thousands of years). Still in use today.

-the device is implanted in the person's cochlea to stimulate it to cause hearing (HLA-NC glossary)
 * C****ochlear Implant** is a small, complex electronic device that can help to provide a sense of sound to a person who is profoundly deaf or severely hard-of-hearing. The implant consists of an external portion that sits behind the ear and a second portion that is surgically placed under the skin


 * Current trends**- what is happening or being used at the present time


 * Cognitive coaching**- a way of thinking and working either alone or together in a group to change the way thinking or problem solving occurs


 * Craftsmanship**- is a skill or how well we do things. An example of a skill would be ASL, we continue to work toward perfecting our ability to sign and continue to learn more about it


 * Cochlea -** a hollow tube in the inner ear of higher vertebrates that is usually coiled like a snail shell and contains the sensory organ of hearing.


 * Conventional** - Readers that are able to read alone


 * CCTV-** Closed Circuit Television- take pictures to magnify work

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 * CISAM-** Center for Instructional Supports and Accessible Materials

**D** **Dycem-** a non-sticky mat that can grip surfaces on both sides to prevent the sliding of objects (www.dynamic-living.com/product/dycem-place-mat/)
 * Diigo-**a social bookmarking web tool that allows a user to bookmark, highlight and add sticky notes to any website. A user can also tag and organize websites by specific categories.

Daisy Files- files that contain text of a document or text files or html files- connection to internet if installed and can read out loud text. ($6 or 7 thousand)
 * Drafting-** The ideas generated in the prewriting and brainstorming stage process are recorded by the student.

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**E**
 * Editing-** The student's work is checked for spelling, grammar, and mechanic errors. These errors are corrected.
 * Efficacy**- taking the initiative to do what needs to be done. An example is as a teacher, you know you can make a difference to students by doing something and taking the initiative and responsibility to see it is done

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 * Emergent-** Readers that are not able to read on their own

**F**
 * FAPE (Free and Appropriate Public Education)**- The right of every American child. It means, simply, that all school-aged children (Kindergarten through age 21) must receive a free public education that meets their needs. If you have a school-aged child with autism, your child is entitled to FAPE. (about.com)


 * FM-** A device used in the class that amplifies what the teacher is saying using a microphone and radio waves.


 * Functional-**Designed for or adapted to a particular function or use

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 * Funding-** money available to schools. Typically comes directly from the district.

**G**
 * Gutenberg Project-** able to access books out of copyright electronically.
 * Grammar**- Includes subject-verb agreement, sentence structure and complexity, parts of speech, and word usage.

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**H** __________________________________________________________________________
 * Holonomy-** the act of doing all things at once

**I**
 * IEP- Individualized Education Program** Each public school child who receives special education and related services must have an Individualized Education Program (IEP). The IEP creates an opportunity for teachers, parents, school administrators, related services personnel, and students (when appropriate) to work together to improve educational results for children with disabilities (www.ldonline.org).


 * Icommunicator -** Software that translate English into sign.


 * inclusion-** involves removing children with special needs out of their special education classes or special schools and educating them along with their typically developing peers. Could also be called "mainstreaming", the idea is to //include// special needs students in the regular education classroom (www.specialchildren.about.com)

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 * Interpoint Braille-** braille with dots on both sides of the page.

**J JAWS- ** Job Access With Speech; most popular computer program to read the content on the screen (but must have underlining text to work)

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 * Jot-a-Dot-** a 6 key Braille device (only for small pieces of paper)

**K Keystrokes (Assistiveware)- ** a fully functional virtual keyboard with multilingual word prediction and dwelling.

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 * KNFB-** Kurzweil-National Federation of the Blind cell phone.

**L**
 * Latch-** A basic on/ off switch device
 * Legibility-** Refers to spacing, letter formation and size. Refers to the readers' ability to read the written product.


 * LoTTIE Kit** - Low Tech Tools for Inclusive Education ( @http://www.onionmountaintech.com/ )

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**M** **Manipulatives-**Any of various objects designed to be moved or arranged by hand as a means of developing motor skills or understanding abstractions, especially in mathematics. **Mechanics** -Includes punctuation (commas, semicolons, end marks) capitalization, and paragraph indentations. ____________________________________________________________________________
 * Modification**-the act of making something different; To make less extreme, severe, or strong; to reduce or lessen in degree or extent; moderate; deliberate intellectual lowering in the level of materials presented; does fundamentally alter or lower the standard or expectation of the course, standard, or test

**N**
 * Neuromotor Impairments**-A neuromotor impairment involves the central nervous system, affecting the ability to move, use, feel, or control certain parts of the body.


 * NIMAS-** National Instructional Material Access Standard

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 * NLS-** National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped

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 * Orthopedic Impairments**- An orthopedic impairment involves the skeletal system-bones, joints, limbs, and associated muscles.

**P**
 * Paraprofessional**- sometimes referred to as an "aide", it is a special education worker who is not licensed to teach but performs many duties with individual students and organizationally throughout the special education classroom. Paraprofessionals can have a one-on-one relationship with a student or be assigned to a classroom of students. (www.specialchildren.about.com


 * PathFinder**- Is a communication device that can be used at many different levels. The student can use a keyboard feature or if the student need extra assistance they can you picture cues. They can also create a schedule or an entire activity.


 * Picture Exchange Communication System-** A   picture exchange communication system   (   PECS   ) is a form of   augmentative and alternative communication   (   AAC   ) that uses pictures instead of words to help children communicate.   PECS   was designed especially for children with   autism   who have delays in speech development.


 * Power Assist-** A technology that allows a person with limited strength to use a manual wheelchair, by increasing the amount of strength that the user puts into it. The traditional rear wheels are replaced with motorized hubs that serve to magnify the force applied to the rear wheels by the user, decreasing the amount of force that the user must use to push the wheelchair.

borrowed from:http://autism.healingthresholds.com/therapy/picture-exchange-communication-s

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 * Proloquo (Assistiveware)-** a multilingual and communication solution for use with Mac OSX.

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**R**
 * Related Services-** that essential to meet the needs of the child. These related services refer to items like: transportation (for severe behavior or wheelchair access etc.), audiological services, speech and language pathologists referral and support, psychological services, occupational and or physio services, social emotional services, interpreter, rehabilitation counseling etc. Essentially, anything that may be required to assist a child with a disability to benefit from special education will be considered a related service. (about.com)


 * Reverberation-**to continue in or as if in a series of echoes; the persistence of sound in a particular space after the original sound is removed


 * Refreshable Braille Displays-** used with screen readers/enlargers to produce a single line of braille from the screen


 * Resources-** Encyclopedias, Internet resources, literary books, or reference books like dictionaries and thesauruses.

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 * RFBD-** Recording for the Blind and Dyslexic

**S**
 * SETT-** is an acronym for Student, Environments, Tasks and Tools


 * Seating Simulator-** A device designed to allow therapists to evaluate individuals for the correct positioning in their wheelchairs. **Social Networking:a method for Internet users to store, organize, search, and manage URLs. They can save links to share publicly or with a group. The URLs can be 'tagged' and organized by category

Speech Synthesizer**- is the artificial production of human speech. - software program that allows a microcomputer with a speech chip to speak in an understandable voice (answers.com)


 * Spinal Muscular Atrophy-** a motor neuron disease. The motor neurons affect the voluntary muscles that are used for such activities as crawling, walking, head and neck control, and swallowing. (www.fsma.org)

to enable children with disabilities to be educated with nondisabled children to the maximum extent appropriate.
 * Supplementary Aids and Services-** Supports that are provided in regular education classes or other education-related settings


 * Swifty (Origin Instruments)-** USB switch interface that can output mouse clicks, joystick buttons, or keyboard functions.


 * Switch-** a device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electrical circuit (merriam-webster.com). Anything that can be plugged into a wall can be adapted and turned on and off using a switch.


 * Switch XS-** a device that provides complete access to Mac OSX for individuals who can use only one, or more, switches. It has full mouse and keyboard capabilities by using a scanning mode.


 * Sip & Puff Switch-** this switch can operate two devices at one time by the user either sipping into a tube to activate one device and puffing into the same tube to operate the other device. Works well for individuals with very limited to no ability to move.


 * String Switch-** a very sensitive switch activated by a tug on a string with .5 ounce of tension to operate. Designed for individuals with limited movement.

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 * Sensory Rooms-** relaxing room, known for use with children with autism, that school students can go to to prevent or diminsih behaviors.

**T**
 * Tag:** a keyword or term that is given to describe an item to allow it to be found categorically by searching or browsing **Task-** tasks are elements that make up an activity.


 * Transitional-** Readers that are just starting to read alone


 * True Object Based Icons(TOBI)-** True Object Based Icons (TOBIs) can be used with individuals who have difficulty understanding two-dimensional visual symbols (i.e. photographs, line drawings). TOBIs can be any line drawing or picture that are cut out in the actual shape or outline of the object they represent. The individual can see the symbol and outline of the shape, which helps him/her to more readily understand two dimensional symbols. TOBIs are usually larger than typical two-dimensional symbols. borrowed from: @http://www.speechpathology.com/management/uploads/tips/441034_Feb_aac.pdf

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 * Tactile Graphics-** drawings specifically designed to help the blind read maps, geometric designs, and etc.

**U** ____________________________________________________________________________

**V**
 * Vantage-** is a communication device that allows students to use words and create sentences. It also can play media files and read information on a USB drive.
 * visual cue**- a picture, graphic representation, or word used to prompt an individual regarding a rule, routine, task, or social response (on-line class module)


 * visual strategies**- include accommodations to support individuals in less structured situations, assist them as they access curriculum, or scripts for social situations (on-line class module)

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 * visual supports**- any tool presented visually that supports the individual as he or she moves through the day; may include pictures, written words, gestures, objects within the environment, arrangement of the environment or visual boundaries, schedules, maps, labels, organization systems, time lines, and scripts, etc. (on-line class module)

**W**
 * Wikki Sticks-** manipulative similar to pipe cleaners that can be used to mold and form letters, numbers, shapes, and placed around boarders on worksheets, or in coloring books. **Write-Out-Loud-**Don Johnston product. type on and reads back what has been typed. looks like a word document. 2 different voices available. independent and corrective writing skills.

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 * Wobble switch-** a single switch that can be activated in any direction by large movements such as a swipe of the hand. Looks similar to a simplistic joystick.

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**Y** ____________________________________________________________________________

**Z**